A secondary factor analysis yielded two factors, which were labelled: repression and anxious defensiveness. The present study compares various repression questionnaires in two groups of women with breast cancer (N = 102 and 145). Elsewhere we have discussed overlap of and differences between the various repression-related concepts (Garssen, 2007a) and critically reviewed eleven repression-related questionnaires (Garssen, 2009). In addition, a multitude of questionnaires has been developed in this field, which presents yet another problem for evaluating studies.
However, it is uncertain whether these terms are synonymous with repression, denote a variation, or are essentially different from repression.
Literature on repression is abundant with terms such as repression, non-expression of negative emotions, emotional control, rationality, type C response style and defensiveness. Social class is important for understanding fatigue in AAs but not CAs. Similar findings emerged for MFSI-SF general fatigue. Fatigue did not differ by class for CAs nor by ethnicity in the lower classes. AAs in the high-middle classes reported more fatigue than AAs in the low classes and CAs in the high-middle classes. After controlling for gender, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and response bias, ethnicity and social class interacted for POMS-SF fatigue. Participants were divided into high-middle and low social class groups (as per Hollingshead, 1958a). A total of 40 African Americans (AAs) and 64 Caucasian Americans (CAs) completed short forms of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) and Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory (MFSI-SF). We wondered if ethnicity and social class interact to explain fatigue. Fatigue-a frequent complaint in patients and normals-is associated with poorer quality of life. Socioeconomic status explains many ethnic disparities in health however, mechanisms are hard to identify.
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